在旧金山港以北

你一定会问:“为何这个监狱这么有名?” 因为当时的联邦政府决定建设一个样板监狱来表明打击犯罪的决心,所以当时全美重罪的罪犯(包括那些不服从监狱管理的,或有暴力倾向的,或有逃脱可能的),几乎全被囚禁在这里。据说当年名满天下的黑社会头子Al Capone就被关押在这里的85号单人房内。关押如此要犯的监狱,当然有全美最优良的安全系统,而且是坐落在被湍急海潮所包围的海湾入口处,简直可称插翅难逃之地。There were, however, prisoners who decided not to wait for a transfer to another prison.但这座天下第一大牢的逃狱率几乎是零,之所以这么说是经过精确统计的。在监狱30年共14次的逃狱史上,共有36名囚犯想
要逃离天罗地网。其中23个被抓了回来,6个被击毙,还有2个即使已逃出狱卒的监视到达海边,但还没有游到对岸,就已经被强劲的潮流冲击溺死。还有人说是因为海水里有鲨鱼,但事实上在旧金山湾里并没有什么“吃人鲨”. The main obstacles were the cold temperature (averaging 50-55 degrees Fahrenheit), the strong currents, and the distance to shore (at least 1-1/4 miles).
但既然是“几乎”,就说明有成功的例子。唯一的那次是在1962年。Frank Morris and Brothers John and Clarence Anglin vanished from their cells and were never seen again. 成功的原因是强劲海风所带来的重盐分的雾气,经年累月的腐蚀墙壁,使得这三个人能利用偷来的汤勺,一勺勺地凿空墙壁,然后登上屋顶,避开监视逃到海边,再利用雨衣改装成的浮筒,不可思议地逃狱成功。后来这个故事被拍成《Escape from Alcatraz》电影,曾经轰动一时。

就在他们逃跑后不到一年,美国就关闭了这座监狱,但并非是因为他们的成功,而是因为这座监狱的运转费用实在是惊人——维持监狱的正常运行大约需三百万到五百万美圆。That figure did not include daily operating costs.
Alcatraz监狱的成本大约是其他监狱的四倍,这主要是由它的地理位置决定的。因为它是一座孤岛,所以任何东西都得靠船从岛外运来,比方说光淡水一项,每周就需要一百万加仑。The Federal Government found that it was more cost-effective to build a new institution than to keep
open.
在监狱关闭后,人们提了很多建议,包括把这里改建成图书馆或大型商场。但最后监狱被划归金门国家旅游区并向公众开放,并成为游览胜地——每年要接待超过一百万来自世界各地的游客。现在游客们可以在导游的引导下,沿着当年逃狱的路线,参观囚犯蹲过的牢房,惩戒房,食堂和工厂等地,想想当年的情形。
★contrast n.
对比,对照,悬殊差别
①There can be no differentiation without contrast。有比较才能有鉴别。
②There is a great contrast between good and evil.善与恶有明显的差别。
大不相同的人或物
My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before.我的新学校比以前的好多了
contrast v.使对比,使对照 ①contrast sharply with 与。。。形成鲜明对照
②an essay that contrasts city and country life一篇比较城市和乡村生活的文章
★rag n.
破布,碎布;碎片,残片
①She washed the floor with a rag.她用一块旧布擦地板.
②He was clad in rags.他穿着破衣服。
聊天;闲聊chew the rag
rag v.
和…开玩笑,对….恶作剧;责骂
They ragged him about his haircut.他们取笑他的发型.
★ruin n.
毁灭,崩溃;倾家荡产,丧失地位
You will ruin no more lives as you ruined mine.你不会再象破坏我的生活一样破坏其他人的生活了.
废墟,遗迹
studied the ruins of ancient
★versus prep.
诉讼,比赛中对;与…相对
①the plaintiff versus the
defendant原告对被告
②freedom of information versus invasion of privacy. 信息自由与抄袭侵权相对.
★prison n.
监狱,监禁;看守所,拘留所
①The pickpocket was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被判处一年监禁。
②He was in prison for ten years.
他在狱中待了10年。
★transfer n.
传递,职务调动,权利,财产等的转让;汇兑,电汇
Can I have a transfer to a new
office?
我能调换到一个新办公室吗? .
transfer v.
转移,传递;改变,转变,变化
The passengers were transferred to a ferry at the bus terminus。在公共汽车终点站乘客转上渡轮。
调动
He has been transferred from Nanchang to Hankow。
他已从南昌被调至汉口。
His employer transferred him to another office.
老板把他调到了另一个办公室.
过境与转机Transit & Transfer
★obstacle n. 障碍物,妨碍
①In spite of every obstacle,they have at last arrived at the destination.
尽管障碍很多,他们终于到达了目的地。
②They were resolved to rise superior to every obstacle. 他们决心战胜一切困难。
★temperature n.温度
When I was ill, I had a high temperature; I felt very hot.当我病的时候,发高烧,我感到非常热。
have a temperature发烧 (= run a temperature)
take sb.'s temperature量(某人的)体温
★vanish v.突然不见,消失 ①vanish from sight 消失不见
②I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.我原以为天要下雨的,可是云消失了,是个好天。
★cell n.
小房间,单人牢房;生物细胞;政治运动和党派的基层组织
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。
电池a solar cell.太阳能电池
★daily n.日报
No mention of the explosion was printed in any of Sunday's daily.星期天的日报都没有报导那次爆炸.
daily adj.每日的,日常的
① daily life 日常生活
②the physician's daily rounds.这位内科医生每日的巡视路线
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